Transformasi Material dan Sistem Struktur pada Konstruksi Rumah Kancingan di Merauke: Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Berbasis Dokumentasi Arsitektur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35326/scej.v10i2.7952Keywords:
Rumah Kancingan, Transformasi Material, Sistem Struktur, Konstruksi Hybrid Kayu–Bata, Arsitektur VernakularAbstract
Rumah kancingan merupakan salah satu konstruksi vernakular penting di Merauke yang memanfaatkan sistem hybrid rangka kayu dan dinding pengisi. Namun, kajian ilmiah yang menelaah konfigurasi struktur dan transformasi materialnya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi konfigurasi struktur rumah kancingan, dan (2) mendeskripsikan transformasi material pengisi dinding dari masa ke masa. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui studi dokumentasi, observasi lapangan, dan kajian literatur. Analisis dilakukan melalui penelusuran elemen struktural meliputi pondasi, kolom, ringbalok, dinding pengisi, dan rangka atap, serta telaah perubahan material dinding pengisi berdasarkan periodisasi historis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem struktur rumah kancingan merupakan konstruksi hybrid dengan rangka kayu sebagai struktur pemikul dan batubata sebagai elemen pengisi non-struktural, didukung sambungan tradisional purus–pen yang meningkatkan fleksibilitas struktural. Transformasi material dinding terjadi melalui tiga tahap: penggunaan gaba-gaba, anyaman bambu diplester, dan pasangan batubata sejak tahun 1950-an. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa rumah kancingan mencerminkan integrasi teknologi tradisional dan modern serta berpotensi sebagai model konstruksi berkelanjutan berbasis material lokal.
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