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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ulang relevansi teori Spiral of Silence yang dikembangkan oleh Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (1974, 2004) dalam konteks ekosistem media digital. Fokus kajian diarahkan pada kontroversi mengenai keaslian ijazah Presiden RI ke-7 Joko Widodo. Metode yang digunakan adalah netnografi, dengan unit analisis berupa komentar warganet pada empat podcast YouTube terpilih: dua yang mendukung keaslian ijazah, dan dua yang mendukung narasi ijazah palsu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, tidak seperti asumsi teori klasik yang menekankan konsonansi media dan ketakutan terhadap isolasi sosial, ruang digital justru menghadirkan dinamika baru berupa fragmentasi opini, Spiral of Courage, dan terbentuknya Echo Chambers. Di ruang komentar pro-ijazah, opini mengkristal pada pembelaan moral, kepercayaan terhadap institusi, dan testimoni personal. Sementara di ruang komentar anti-ijazah, muncul narasi pembacaan forensik dokumen, kritik terhadap lembaga pendidikan, dan pembelaan terhadap tokoh oposisi. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa spiral of silence tidak sepenuhnya lenyap, tetapi bekerja secara lokal dalam komunitas digital tertentu. Di sisi lain, spiral of courage berkembang saat individu merasa didukung oleh kelompok dominan dan memanfaatkan anonimitas sebagai pelindung dari isolasi sosial.
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References
- Aldi, A. F. (2023). Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga: Studi etnografi virtual dengan pendekatan sentimen analisis twitter terhadap fenomena kekerasan dalam rumah tangga selama masa pandemi tahun 2020-2022 (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim).
- Bhagaskara, A. S., & Shihab, M. (2022). Proses Perencanaan Pesan Dalam Membangun Citra ‘Zumba Fitness Indonesia’Melalui Key Opinion Leader. Communication, 13(1), 44-54.
- Chen, C. (2016). An Overview of Research Related to Spiral of Silence in the Digital Age. International Journal of Business Management and Commerce, 1(1), 27-36.
- Gearhart, S., & Zhang, W. (2015). “Spiral of silence in the social media era: A simulation approach to the interplay between opinion climate, opinion expression, and network structure.” Communication Research, 41(3), 232–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215616456
- Gearhart, S., & Zhang, W. (2015). Gay bullying and online opinion expression: Testing spiral of silence in the social media environment. Social Science Computer Review, 33(1), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314528767
- Hadiyana, E. (2023). Respon generasi milenial pada konten dakwah youtube Fahrurrozi dahlan channel (analisis netnografi)(Doctoral dissertation, UIN Mataram).
- Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012). Affect, not ideology: A social identity perspective on polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3), 405–431. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfs038
- Kultsum, U., Fajri, F. N., Putri, N. A., Prayoga, M. B., Mubarok, A. A., & Nisa, P. K. (2025). Dinamika opini publik terhadap UU TNI di Indonesia: studi kasus kampanye online di media X. Jurnal Studi Multidisipliner Berkelanjutan, 9(5).
- Kozinets, R. V. (2020). Netnography: The Essential Guide to Qualitative Social Media Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Kozinets, R. V., & Gretzel, U. (2023a). Netnography evolved: New contexts, scope, procedures and sensibilities, Annals of Tourism Research, 103693.
- Kozinets, R. V., & Gretzel, U. (2023b). Qualitative social media methods: Netnography in the age of technocultures. In N. K. Denzin, Y. S. Lincoln, M. D. Giardina, & G. S. Cannella (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 403–420). Sage publications.
- Meilani, N. S., Miswendi, R., Fashihah, J., Safitri, W. A., Irfaan, H. Z., Razaq, M. M. A., & Nhizam, A. H. (2025). Arsip Sebagai Bukti Hukum Dalam Isu Kasus Dugaan Pemalsuan Ijazah Presiden Joko Widodo. Brand Communication, 4(2), 129-140.
- Muasaroh, Y. I., Fatah, Z., & Baijuri, A. (2025, August). Analisis Sentimen Komentar Youtube Terhadap Isu Ijazah Presiden Jokowi menggunakan Support. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional(Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 371-380).
- Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The spiral of silence: A theory of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x
- Noelle-Neumann, E. (2004). The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion: Our Social Skin. 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press.
- Nur, A. M., Muftadisa, Y., Takbir, Z. Z., Ilham, F., Niam, M. D., & Mamut, M. I. (2025). Kekuatan Bahasa dalam Memengaruhi Persepsi: Analisis Semantik dan Pragmatik Terhadap Isu Ijazah Jokowi di Media Digital. Indonesian Journal of Intellectual Publication, 5(3), 348-358.
- Priyatna, A. A., & Maryani, E. (2023). Spasialisasi dan Strukturasi Industri Suara Melalui Audio on Demand Pada Platform Podcast Noice. Communication, 14(1), 01-17.
- Scheufele, D. A., & Moy, P. (2000). Twenty-five years of the spiral of silence: A conceptual review and empirical outlook. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 12(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/12.1.3.
- Simanjuntak, S. A. M. (2023). Analisis Resepsi Masyarakat Tentang Gaya Hidup Hedonisme Selebgram (Studi Netnografi pada Followers Instagram@ siscakohl) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Medan Area).
- Sunstein, C.R. (2001) #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton University Press.
- Vowe, G., & Henn, P. (2018). Political communication in the online world: Theoretical approaches and research designs. Routledge.
- Wulandari, O. M., Maulana, I., Syamsudin, F., & Waluyo, R. (2025). Perbandingan Algoritma Naive Bayes dan SVM dalam Analisis Sentimen Twitter terhadap Isu Ijazah Jokowi Palsu. Jurnal Manajemen Informatika, Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi Komputer (JUMISTIK), 4(1), 392-400.
References
Aldi, A. F. (2023). Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga: Studi etnografi virtual dengan pendekatan sentimen analisis twitter terhadap fenomena kekerasan dalam rumah tangga selama masa pandemi tahun 2020-2022 (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim).
Bhagaskara, A. S., & Shihab, M. (2022). Proses Perencanaan Pesan Dalam Membangun Citra ‘Zumba Fitness Indonesia’Melalui Key Opinion Leader. Communication, 13(1), 44-54.
Chen, C. (2016). An Overview of Research Related to Spiral of Silence in the Digital Age. International Journal of Business Management and Commerce, 1(1), 27-36.
Gearhart, S., & Zhang, W. (2015). “Spiral of silence in the social media era: A simulation approach to the interplay between opinion climate, opinion expression, and network structure.” Communication Research, 41(3), 232–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215616456
Gearhart, S., & Zhang, W. (2015). Gay bullying and online opinion expression: Testing spiral of silence in the social media environment. Social Science Computer Review, 33(1), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314528767
Hadiyana, E. (2023). Respon generasi milenial pada konten dakwah youtube Fahrurrozi dahlan channel (analisis netnografi)(Doctoral dissertation, UIN Mataram).
Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012). Affect, not ideology: A social identity perspective on polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3), 405–431. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfs038
Kultsum, U., Fajri, F. N., Putri, N. A., Prayoga, M. B., Mubarok, A. A., & Nisa, P. K. (2025). Dinamika opini publik terhadap UU TNI di Indonesia: studi kasus kampanye online di media X. Jurnal Studi Multidisipliner Berkelanjutan, 9(5).
Kozinets, R. V. (2020). Netnography: The Essential Guide to Qualitative Social Media Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Kozinets, R. V., & Gretzel, U. (2023a). Netnography evolved: New contexts, scope, procedures and sensibilities, Annals of Tourism Research, 103693.
Kozinets, R. V., & Gretzel, U. (2023b). Qualitative social media methods: Netnography in the age of technocultures. In N. K. Denzin, Y. S. Lincoln, M. D. Giardina, & G. S. Cannella (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 403–420). Sage publications.
Meilani, N. S., Miswendi, R., Fashihah, J., Safitri, W. A., Irfaan, H. Z., Razaq, M. M. A., & Nhizam, A. H. (2025). Arsip Sebagai Bukti Hukum Dalam Isu Kasus Dugaan Pemalsuan Ijazah Presiden Joko Widodo. Brand Communication, 4(2), 129-140.
Muasaroh, Y. I., Fatah, Z., & Baijuri, A. (2025, August). Analisis Sentimen Komentar Youtube Terhadap Isu Ijazah Presiden Jokowi menggunakan Support. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional(Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 371-380).
Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The spiral of silence: A theory of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x
Noelle-Neumann, E. (2004). The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion: Our Social Skin. 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press.
Nur, A. M., Muftadisa, Y., Takbir, Z. Z., Ilham, F., Niam, M. D., & Mamut, M. I. (2025). Kekuatan Bahasa dalam Memengaruhi Persepsi: Analisis Semantik dan Pragmatik Terhadap Isu Ijazah Jokowi di Media Digital. Indonesian Journal of Intellectual Publication, 5(3), 348-358.
Priyatna, A. A., & Maryani, E. (2023). Spasialisasi dan Strukturasi Industri Suara Melalui Audio on Demand Pada Platform Podcast Noice. Communication, 14(1), 01-17.
Scheufele, D. A., & Moy, P. (2000). Twenty-five years of the spiral of silence: A conceptual review and empirical outlook. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 12(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/12.1.3.
Simanjuntak, S. A. M. (2023). Analisis Resepsi Masyarakat Tentang Gaya Hidup Hedonisme Selebgram (Studi Netnografi pada Followers Instagram@ siscakohl) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Medan Area).
Sunstein, C.R. (2001) #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton University Press.
Vowe, G., & Henn, P. (2018). Political communication in the online world: Theoretical approaches and research designs. Routledge.
Wulandari, O. M., Maulana, I., Syamsudin, F., & Waluyo, R. (2025). Perbandingan Algoritma Naive Bayes dan SVM dalam Analisis Sentimen Twitter terhadap Isu Ijazah Jokowi Palsu. Jurnal Manajemen Informatika, Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi Komputer (JUMISTIK), 4(1), 392-400.