Main Article Content

Abstract

Penolakan Alevi di Turki tidak lepas dari bentuk framing ottoman pada masa lalu. Masyarakat turki masih menilai ketidaksucian Alevi dan ritual yang dianggap sesat. Dalam artikel ini penulis berusaha mengkaji strategi yang dilakukan oleh Alevi selaku kelompok kepentingan pasca penolakan masyarakat di Turki dalam mendapatkan rekognisi. Dalam menjawab permasalahan tersebut penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan penjabaran data yang telah dikumpulkan dan kemudian disusun berdasarkan sistematika pembahasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep kelompok kepentingan beserta parameter keberhasilan tindakan kolektif. Temuan artikel ini menunjukan bahwa Alevi melakukan dua strategi, yaitu eksternal dan internal dalam menghadapi penolakan masyarakat Turki. Strategi internal dilakukan melalui DRSA, Alevi opening yang diprakarsai oleh partai AKP, dan asosiasi Alevi. Strategi internal yang dilakukan oleh kelompok kepentingan Alevi di Turki dinilai tidak berhasil dalam membentuk tindakan kolektif. Adapun strategi eksternal berupa aktvitas dilakukan oleh AABF selaku organisasi Alevi di Jerman seperti Alevilerim Sesi, mengadakan dialog antar agama, berpartisipasi dalam German Islam Conference. Strategi eksternal dinilai berhasil membentuk tindakan kolektif.

Keywords

AABF Alevi Alevism AKP Alevi Opening Turkiye

Article Details

How to Cite
Naf’an, S. M., & Yumitro, G. (2022). Strategi Alevi Sebagai Kelompok Kepentingan Pasca Penolakan Masyarakat Turki. Sang Pencerah: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton, 8(3), 807–823. https://doi.org/10.35326/pencerah.v8i3.2432

References

  1. AKYÜZ, E. (2015). The Solutions To The Alevi Issues In The Context Of Democracy, Laicism And Equal Citizenship. Journal of International Social Research, 8(40), 440–440. https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.20154013916
  2. Allousche, A. (1988). The Origins and Development of the Ottoman-Safavid Conflict (906-962/1500-1555). In Klaus Schwarz. https://doi.org/10.2307/1570769
  3. Altınordu, A. (2021). Religion and Politics in Contemporary Turkey. The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of the Middle East, June. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190087470.013.49
  4. Bardakçi, M. (2015). The Alevi Opening of the AKP Government in Turkey: Walking a Tightrope between Democracy and Identity. Turkish Studies, 16(3), 349–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2015.1050959
  5. Bayram, A. S., & Şule, T. (2011). Alevis and Alevism in the changing context of Turkish politics: The justice and development party’s alevi opening. Turkish Studies, 12(3), 419–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2011.604214
  6. Binnaz Toprak, İrfan Bozan, Tan Morgül, N. Ş. (2010). Being Different in TurkeyReligion, Conservatism and Otherization.
  7. Borovali, M., & Boyraz, C. (2015). The Alevi Workshops: An Opening Without an Outcome? Turkish Studies, 16(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2015.1043279
  8. Budiharjo, M. (2008). Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Politik. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
  9. ÇAMUROĞLU, R. (1998). Alevi Identity. In E. Ö. and C. R. Tord Olsson (Ed.), Swedish Research Instutute in Istanbul (Vol. 1999, Issue December, pp. 93–100). Taylor & Francis.
  10. Çarkoǧlu, A., & Bilgili, N. Ç. (2011). A precarious relationship: The Alevi minority, the Turkish state and the EU. South European Society and Politics, 16(2), 351–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2011.577956
  11. Department of State. (2011). International Religious Freedom Report for July-December 2010.
  12. Dressler, M. (2005). Inventing Orthodoxy: Competing Claims for Authority and Legitimacy in the Ottoman-Safavid Conflict. In Legitimizing the Order: The Ottoman Rhetoric of State Power. brill.
  13. Dressler, M. (2008). Religio-secular metamorphoses: The re-making of Turkish Alevism. Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 76(2), 280–311. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfn033
  14. Dressler, M. (2015). Turkish politics of doxa: Otherizing the alevis as heterodox. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 41(4–5), 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/0191453714567492
  15. Drs. Haryanto. (1982). Sistem Politik: Suatu Pengantar. Liberty.
  16. Editors of Encyclopaedia. (2020). Kizilbash. Britanica.
  17. Gabriel A. Almond dan G. Bingham Powell. (1966). Comparative Politics: Development approach (Vol. 63, Issue 2). Little, Brown and Company.
  18. Gedik, Erdoğan, H. B.-G. (2020). Alevism in Turkey and in Transnational Space: Negotiated Identities between Religion, Culture and Law. Stato, Chiese e Pluralismo Confessionale. https://doi.org/10.13130/1971-8543/14392
  19. Hürriyet Daily News. (2012, May). CHP deputy demands cemevi in Parliament. Hürriyet Daily News.
  20. Imber, C. H. (1979). The persecution of the Ottoman Shi’ites according to the mühimme defterleri, 1565—1585. In Der Islam: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur des islamischen Orients (Vol. 56, Issue 2, pp. 245–273). https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1979.56.2.245
  21. Kaya, A. (2016). The Alevi-Bektashi order in Turkey: syncreticism transcending national borders. Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea, 16(2), 275–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2015.1120465
  22. Kenneth Janda, Jeffry M Berry, J. G. (1997). The Challenge of Democracy. In International Affairs (Vol. 29, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.2307/2606018
  23. Koopmans, R. (2014). Religious fundamentalism and out-group hostility among Muslims and Christians in Western Europe (No. 101; SP VI, Issue March).
  24. Köse, T. (2010). The AKP and the “alevi opening”: Understanding the dynamics of the rapprochement. Insight Turkey, 12(2), 143–164.
  25. Lambert, P. (2011). Countries at the Crossroads 2011.
  26. Lazar, A., & Litvak-Hirsch, T. (2009). Cultural trauma as a potential symbolic boundary. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 22(2), 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10767-009-9060-1
  27. Martinovic, B., & Verkuyten, M. (2016). Inter-religious feelings of Sunni and Alevi Muslim minorities: The role of religious commitment and host national identification. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 52, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2016.02.005
  28. Massicard, E. (2011). Alevi Communities In Western Europe: Identity And Religious Strategies. In Yearbook of Muslims in Europe Volume 2 (Issue March). https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004184756.i-712.789
  29. Peucker, M., & Akbarzadeh, S. (2014). Muslim active citizenship in the west. In Muslim Active Citizenship in the West. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315870960
  30. Reicher, S., Hopkins, N., Levine, M., & Rath, R. (2005). Entrepreneurs of hate and entrepreneurs of solidarity: Social identity as a basis for mass communication. International Review of the Red Cross, 87(860), 621–637. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383100184462
  31. Sahin, S. (2001). The Alevi movement: Transformation from secret oral to public written culture in national and transnational social spaces. New School for Social Research.
  32. Sen, S., & Soner, B. A. (2016). Understanding urban Alevism through its socio-spatial manifestations: Cemevis in İzmir. Middle Eastern Studies, 52(4), 694–710. https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2016.1176919
  33. Sokefeld, M. (2008). Struggling for Recognition: : The Alevi Movement in Germany and in Transnational Space. Berghagn Books.
  34. Sonja Haug, Stephanie Mussig, A. S. (2009). Muslimisches Leben in Deutschland, im Auftrag der deutschen Islamkonferenz.
  35. Subakti, R. (2010). Memahami Ilmu Politik. Grasindo.
  36. SUBAŞI, N. (2012). The Alevi Opening: Concept, Strategy and Process. Insight Turkey, 12(2), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452220376.n2
  37. US Goverment. (n.d.). International Religious Freedom Report for 2011. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor.
  38. Yaman, A., & Dönmez, R. Ö. (2016). Creating cohesion from diversity through mobilization: Locating the place of Alevi federations in Alevi collective identity in Europe. Turk Kulturu ve Haci Bektas Veli - Arastirma Dergisi, 77, 13–35. https://doi.org/10.12973/hbvd.77.181
  39. Yildiz, A. A., & Verkuyten, M. (2011). Inclusive victimhood: Social identity and the politicization of collective trauma among turkey’s alevis in Western Europe. Peace and Conflict, 17(3), 243–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/10781919.2011.587175